The best cars from companies that no longer exist

When Volkswagen takes credit for pioneering the hot hatchback, it overlooks the Autobianchi A112 Abarth. Admittedly, the A112 was easy to miss due to its small dimensions. It was introduced in September of 1971 (before anyone knew what a Golf was) as a hotter version of Autobianchi’s successful small car. Early models used a 58hp four-cylinder engine, though power climbed to 70bhp later in the production run.

So what happened to Autobianchi?

The company was a joint venture between bicycle-maker Bianchi, Pirelli, and Fiat. Fiat took full control in 1968, and then folded the operation into Lancia. The badge disappeared in 1995.

Auto-Union: 1000 SP (1957)

Visually, there was little to suggest the Auto-Union 1000 SP was related to the standard 1000. And yet, the SP shared its basic two-stroke, three-cylinder engine with the 1000, though there were some model-specific differences. Stuttgart-based coachbuilder Baur made about 5000 units of the 1000 SP between 1958 and 1965. It also built around 1640 examples of a 1000 SP-based convertible starting in 1961.

So what happened to Auto-Union?

Auto-Union merged with NSU in 1969, and both were absorbed by Volkswagen shortly after. Audi was born from the merger. While both brands are dormant today, Audi still builds cars like the A6 in Neckarsulm, where NSU was based, and Volkswagen manufactures cars in Zwickau, where Auto-Union traces some of its roots to (and where the Trabant was made).

Daimler: SP250/Dart (1959)

Once a supplier of cars to royalty, Daimler grew out of the German company, but soon built its own models. The SP250’s engine had an interesting configuration; while being only a 2.5-litre, it was a V8. Elegant but interesting to look at, it was a spirited drive, good for 120mph, and determinedly different from its stately predecessors. It was famously used to police speeds on Britain’s first motorway, the M1.

So what happened to Daimler?

The company was sold to Jaguar in 1960, its cars eventually becoming badge-engineered Jaguar derivatives. The brand disappeared in 2007, though Jaguar still has the right to use the name in many markets, though given Daimler is now also the name of the heavy trucks arm of Mercedes-Benz (it’s complicated…), this seems unlikely.

DeSoto: Model K (1928)

Created by Chrysler in 1928, DeSoto put its rivals on notice when it released its first car, the Model K, for the 1929 model year. It sold 81,065 units of the model during its first 12 months on the market, a record that remained unbroken for several decades. The Model K was cheaper than a comparable Chrysler, fitted with a six-cylinder engine, and offered in a number of body styles, including a roadster. It was the right car at the right time, and the future looked bright for Chrysler’s mainstream brand.

So what happened to DeSoto?

DeSoto’s early success quickly faded. Chrysler also purchased Dodge in 1928 and the two brands often overlapped; both were positioned below Chrysler as mass-market brands. Its evolution followed the rest of the Chrysler portfolio’s, so it received the new Firedome V8 in 1952 and the “Forward Look” design language in 1955. Sales collapsed in 1958, partly due to the same recession that helped end Edsel, and Chrysler closed DeSoto in 1961.

De Tomaso: Pantera (1971)

Alejandro De Tomaso (1928-2003) designed a breathtakingly gorgeous car and bought a V8 from Ford to stuff behind the seats. America’s appetite for performance cars ensured a steady cash flow for De Tomaso in spite of the Pantera’s quality issues.

Unreliability caused Elvis Presley to shoot his Pantera on numerous occasions, presumably as a punishment. It’s not known if this helped. Ford stopped importing the car to the US in 1975, but production carried on for other markets (including Europe) until 1992.

So what happened to De Tomaso?

De Tomaso merged with Maserati in 1975 and that brand was always more prolific, but De Tomaso sales carried on in small numbers until 2004 when the firm died. The trademark was sold on, and a De Tomaso concept car appeared at the 2011 Geneva motor show, but nothing’s been heard since.

Eagle: Talon (1989)

Chrysler founded Eagle in 1988 to continue AMC, which left the scene that same year. Its range consisted largely of average, unexciting cars that suffered from a complete lack of image. The only exception was the Talon, which was closely related to the Mitsubishi Eclipse. Released in 1989 as a 1990 model, it was available with all-wheel-drive and a turbocharged four-cylinder engine rated at 192bhp.

So what happened to Eagle?

In hindsight, there was no space in Chrysler for an obscure brand like Eagle, and not enough interest or money to give it a fighting chance. Models left the range one by one during the 1990s, and the Eagle name disappeared in 1998. Stellantis owns the name today. The factory in Normal, Illinois, that manufactured the Talon now belongs to electric pickup truck maker Rivian.

Facel Vega: Excellence (1958)

Facel Vega was a brand favoured by the world’s celebrities to build the Excellence to take the fight directly to Rolls-Royce and the German brands. From its stately design with reverse-facing rear doors to its hand-built interior, the Excellence easily lived up to its name. It served as the flagship for the brand, and for France’s entire automotive industry.

So what happened to Facel Vega?

Competition from larger luxury-car rivals like Mercedes-Benz did the company no favours and it closed down in 1964. It remains a mystery why France – home to world-beating luxury brands like Louis Vuitton and Chanel – has never created a successful luxury car brand in recent decades.

Hudson: Hornet (1951)

The Hudson Hornet had big round headlights, plenty of chrome and a long, sloping roof line that flowed into a pontoon-like rear end. Power came from a 5.0-litre straight six. It was fast, too; the Hornet dominated NASCAR racing in the early 1950s.

So what happened to Hudson?

It merged with Nash-Kelvinator in 1954, to form American Motors Corporation- AMC. The Hudson badge survived until 1957. The remnants of AMC – including, most notably, Jeep – today live in Stellantis.

Innocenti: Mini (1974)

Scooter maker Innocenti formed its car-building division through a collaboration with Britain’s Austin. It began building the Mini under license during the 1960s, and it released an updated model styled by Bertone’s Marcello Gandini in 1974. Bertone gave the Mini a more modern-looking design and a practical hatch to take on the Autobianchi A112, one of Italy’s rising stars.

Several evolutions of the Innocenti Mini were built, and an entry-level two-cylinder engine joined the range in 1985. Outdated in spite of several visual updates inside and out, the Innocenti Mini retired in 1993, seven years before the Mini itself died.

So what happened to Innocenti?

Fiat gradually took over Innocenti and Maserati from De Tomaso in the 1990s. It closed the company’s factory and assigned the brand a series of badge-engineered cars like the Mille, which was a second-generation Uno made in Brazil and sold for less than the Italian-built model. Fiat dumped the Innocenti name in 1997, and Stellantis owns the name today.

Jensen: Interceptor (1966)

The Jensen Interceptor provided buyers with an alternative to the archetypal British grand tourers made by the likes of Aston Martin. It catered to buyers who cared more about silky-smooth low-end torque than razor-sharp handling and low running costs. It died without a successor when Jensen collapsed under the burden of its financial troubles.

So what happened to Jensen?

Jensen ceased operating in 1976. It was revived in 2001 with a new car, the S-V8, but promptly died again after just 20 were produced.

Matra: Rancho (1977)

Matra made the Rancho from many parts of its other vehicles. Starting with the VF2 van, engineers installed an 80hp 1.4-litre engine from the 1308 GT, brakes from the 1100 TI, and a four-speed manual transmission from the 1307. While the design suggested it could go anywhere, four-wheel drive was never offered for cost and packaging reasons.

It was a trailblazer for the crossover class, but arguably a couple of decades too early. In an odd twist of fate, the Rancho’s intended replacement morphed into the original Renault Espace, Europe's first people-carrier.

So what happened to Matra?

Matra in the automotive sphere became a contract manufacturer for Renault, but this work ceased in 2003, and some other assets were acquired by Pininfarina. The defence and aerospace part of Matra is now part of Airbus.

Mercury: Cougar (1967)

Mercury launched the Cougar to fill the space between the Ford Mustang, which it shared its platform with, and the Ford Thunderbird. It became Mercury’s hero car by combining performance with a larger dose of luxury. Later models attempted to recapture the spirit of the original, though they largely failed due to poor execution and performance best characterized as slothful.

So what happened to Mercury?

Following rationalization after the financial crisis, Ford announced the end of the brand in 2010, and its last car, a Grand Marquis, was built in January 2011.

Morris: Minor (1948)

In terms of Morris-branded cars, it’s hard to beat the Minor. While performance was sedate even by the standards of the time, steering and handling was impressive, and this was a primary way Britain got back on the road after the second world war. It later spawned van, estate and convertible versions, and more powerful engines that arrived later helped a lot. A cool 1.4 million examples were built until 1971.

So what happened to Morris?

Morris merged with arch-rival Austin in 1952 to make the British Motor Corporation. In turn this merged with various other companies to form British Leyland in 1968. The last Morris-branded car, the Ital (pictured), was built in 1984. Part of the old Morris factory in Oxford today produces the Mini for BMW; the Morris name itself is owned by China’s SAIC.

Oldsmobile: 4-4-2 (1964)

The 4-4-2 started life as a performance-oriented option package on the Oldsmobile Cutlass. It proved popular enough to earn a promotion to a full-fledged model line in 1968. Oldsmobile collaborated with American tuner Hurst to build an even faster 4-4-2 with a 390bhp engine, upgraded brakes and a model-specific suspension.

For a few years, the numbers 4-4-2 were synonymous with no-nonsense performance. The 1972 redesign demoted the nameplate to option package status.

So what happened to Oldsmobile?

Oldsmobile increasingly found its cars lost among those of GM’s other brands, let alone those from other carmakers, and the brand died in 2004.

Nash: Metropolitan (1953)

Nash envisioned the Metropolitan as a small American car with European flair. It commissioned a design from Pininfarina and asked Austin for the A40’s engine and spare production capacity. It all came together shockingly well; one of America’s smallest and most stylish cars was born.

Sales started during the 1954 model year. Often bought as a second car, the Metropolitan went through several evolutions (and was sold under several names, including Hudson and Rambler) until production ended in 1961.

So what happened to Nash?

In 1954, Nash and Hudson became American Motors Corporation (AMC) through what was at the time the largest corporate merger in American history, and formed the fourth-largest carmaker in the United States. AMC was taken over by Chrysler in 1987. The Nash name stopped being used in 1957.

NSU: Ro80 (1967)

Presented at the 1967 Frankfurt motor show, the NSU Ro80 stood proud as one of the most innovative production cars released in the 1960s. It arrived as a big, upmarket model with unusual proportions, a highly aerodynamic design, and a twin-rotor Wankel engine.

Many celebrated it as the family car of the future. Early problems with the rotary engine gave the Ro80 a bad reputation that it didn’t fully recover from, and the first oil embargo sealed its fate. While NSU took steps to make the rotary engine more reliable, it couldn’t keep its fuel economy in check. The Ro80 retired without a direct successor in 1977.

So what happened to NSU?

Vast warranty claims from the Ro80 crippled the firm and Volkswagen took it over, though VW was more interested in the firm’s factory than in its line-up. It merged NSU and Auto-Union in 1969 and reluctantly absorbed the K70, which became the first water-cooled Volkswagen.

NSU built its last car, an Ro80, in 1977, but the firm’s legacy endured. The Audi 50 (1974) was developed by NSU to replace the Prinz; it became the first Volkswagen Polo.

Panhard: 24 BT/CT (1964)

Ordinary motorists knew Panhard for big, six-seater saloons; racers knew Panhard for ultra-light sports cars. The 24-series cars were an attempt at blending the company’s two identities. Offered with a short or a long wheelbase, the 24 brought Panhard’s unique breed of sportiness to motorists unwilling to commute in a stripped-down race car.

The 24 BT was longer than the 24 CT to offer more space for occupants riding in the back. Both variants received an air-cooled flat-twin engine which, thanks to an impressively aerodynamic design, propelled the 24 to highway speeds in a relative hurry.

So what happened to Panhard?

The car side of Panhard was sold to Citroën in 1967, and the brand as a carmaker died. The name lives on as a maker of military vehicles, ultimately owned by Volvo Group, the Swedish truckmaker.

Pontiac: Firebird (1967)

General Motors didn’t allow Pontiac to build a two-seater sports car out of fear it would compete directly against Chevrolet’s Corvette. Instead, Pontiac received permission to launch a sports car based on the same platform as the then-new Camaro.

Affectionately called “Screaming Chicken,” the Firebird carried on alongside the Camaro for four generations until it died in 2002.

So what happened to Pontiac?

Increasingly lost in General Motors, the Pontiac brand was discontinued in 2010 as GM rationalised its brands after its near-death experience in the 2008-09 global financial crisis.

Plymouth: Road Runner (1968)

Muscle cars progressively grew out of mainstream buyers’ reach as they became more powerful and more expensive. The Road Runner was a return to the basic, enthusiast-approved formula of placing an immensely powerful engine in the unsuspecting body of a run-of-the-mill car. The Road Runner exceeded Plymouth’s wildest expectations during its first year on the market. Clearly, the time was right for a more affordable muscle car.

So what happened to Plymouth?

Chrysler’s Plymouth brand died in 2001, and its cars were either discontinued or rebranded as Chryslers.

Rover: SD1 (1976)

The SD1 was Rover’s last attempt at building a true flagship model on its own, before it teamed up with Honda to share technology and costs. An avant-garde design and optional V8 power positioned it firmly at the top of the Rover range, placing it in the same ring as executive saloons from BMW and Mercedes-Benz. When it worked it was great – but poor build quality and reliability ensured the SD1 often didn’t.

So what happened to Rover?

Rover became part of the Austin Rover group, and it developed the 800 (pictured) as a follow up to the SD1, a sister car to the Honda Legend. Rover was sold to BMW in 1994. Having sold off Land Rover to Ford in 2000, it sold what was now MG Rover to a management consortium for £10. However, MG Rover went out of business in 2005. The Rover name was sold by BMW to Ford for around £10 million (around $16 million) in 2006, which sold the marque along with Land Rover and Jaguar to India’s Tata Motors in 2008.

Saab: 99 (1968)

The 99 marked the beginning of a new chapter in Saab’s history. The Swedish brand ditched the 92-inspired design of earlier cars in favor of a more contemporary look characterized by a wrap-around windscreen, while a Triumph-sourced four-cylinder engine relegated the 96’s DKW-derived two-stroke engine to the history book once and for all.

The 1978 Turbo remains the best-known evolution of the 99. It paved the way for every high-performance Saab from then on.

So what happened to Saab?

Saab was fully acquired by General Motors in 2000. Saab was sold to Spyker in 2010, but ceased making cars in 2011. A Chinese firm called NEVS then bought Saab’s automotive assets, but it seems that the brand won’t be used on any vehicles; this is a complex area since the Saab name is still used by a military aircraft maker; Saab cars and aircraft were under the same ownership until 1990.

Saturn: SL (1990)

Saturn illustrated how it planned to operate as a different kind of car company when it launched the SL in 1990 as a 1991 model. The model looked like nothing else in the General Motors portfolio thanks in part to a grille-less front end, it was built on a brand-specific platform, and it was manufactured in a new assembly plant located in Spring Hill, Tennessee.

Even odder were the SL’s plastic body panels, which were chosen because they were lighter, more durable, and cheaper than steel parts. Saturn’s unique approach to taking on Japanese carmakers initially paid off. It built its 500,000th car in September 1993 and it sold 229,356 cars that year.

So what happened to Saturn?

The problem arguably started from literally day two.  GM CEO Roger Smith championed Saturn, but retired the day after it was officially launched. Later bosses showed much less interest commitment to it, and the cars gradually lost their identity as they became sister cars to those from other GM brands. It was closed in early 2010 along with several other GM brands.

Simca: 1000 Rallye (1970)

Abarth applied its magic to the Simca 1000, but it’s the three Rallye versions that replaced Renaults and NSUs in the heart of enthusiasts seeking rear-biased driving thrills. The 1000 was the ideal base for a high-performance saloon aimed at buyers on a budget. The first two editions of the Rallye were hot-rodded production cars, but the 102bhp Rallye 3 was a full-blown street-legal race car released for homologation purposes. All three models are still widely used in hill climb events today.

So what happened to Simca?

Simca was bought by Chrysler in 1970, and then PSA Peugeot-Citroën in 1979, and the badge died thereafter in favour of Talbot.

Studebaker: Avanti (1962)

Developed in response to the Chevrolet Corvette, the Avantis was designed by Raymond Loewy and had a body made out of fiberglass and dropped on a modified Studebaker Lark chassis. Studebaker built about 5800 examples of the Avanti before it shut down for good, but five different entrepreneurs took turns building the car until 2006.

So what happened to Studebaker?

Studebaker found it increasingly hard to compete with the Detroit giants, and production at its main South Bend factory ceased in 1963, though operations continued at the company’s Canadian plant until 1966. The name is today owned by Federal-Mogul, a car parts firm.

Sunbeam: Tiger (1964)

Originally formed in 1901, Sunbeam disappeared after 1935, but was revived in some style in 1953 with the pretty and successful Alpine – which was perfectly timed for the 1950s American open-top sports car wave.

Wanting more power, Sunbeam enlisted Carroll Shelby to help fit a 164bhp 4.3-litre Ford V8 into the car. Twice as powerful as the Alpine but only marginally heavier, the car was a scintillating hit, shifting over 7000 examples in just three years.

So what happened to Sunbeam?

Already part of the Rootes Group, Rootes was absorbed by Chrysler and then Peugeot. The Sunbeam name disappeared in 1981.

Tatra: 613 (1974)

Like Porsche’s 911, the Tatra 613 retained its rear-engined configuration well after the layout went out of fashion. It shared this configuration with its predecessor, the 603, but its styling came to life on a blank sheet of paper. In an unlikely tie-up, Czechoslovakia-based Tatra enlisted the help of Italy’s Vignale to forge a new design identity more in-tune with the times.

It’s remembered as one of the most prestigious cars to come out of the Soviet-era Eastern Europe. You didn’t want to see it parked up in front of your house at two in the morning as it was a favourite of the KGB and its Warsaw Pact counterpart organisations.

So what happened to Tatra?

It stopped making cars in 1999, but carries on as small-scale truck maker, and as such is the second-oldest vehicle producer in Europe after Peugeot, the Tatra company having been formed all the way back in 1850, when it produced horse-drawn carriages.

Talbot: Samba Cabriolet (1982)

Based on one of the cheapest cars in Europe, the Talbot Samba Cabriolet gave young, cash-strapped motorists a way to go topless without breaking the bank. It also attempted to provide the Talbot brand its own image by separating the Samba from the Peugeot 104 and the Citroën LNA it shared a platform with.

So what happened to Talbot?

When PSA bought Chrysler Europe in 1979, it used the Talbot badge on former Chrysler and Simca models. The Talbot name continued on cars until 1987, and on vans until 1994.

Triumph: Stag (1970)

While some would choose Triumph’s successful and pretty line of TR sports roadsters from the ‘50s and ‘60s, we reckon the Stag deserves more credit as the British V8-powered would-be answer to the Mercedes SL. Moodily handsome though blighted by reliability issues, it was a nice drive when it worked.

So what happened to Triumph?

Triumph was run down by owners British Leyland, and the oddball TR7 was the last car developed in-house. That was followed by the 1981 Honda Ballade-based Triumph Acclaim (pictured), and the name ended in 1984. However, someone in Munich has a long memory: intriguingly, the Triumph Cars name today belongs to BMW, a relic of the firm’s Rover ownership but retained when it sold that firm. Triumph and BMW went head-to-head in the small sports saloon market in the 1970s in Europe.

Vespa: 400 (1957)

Known internationally for scooters, the Italian brand dipped its toes in the automotive pond when it introduced one of the smallest cars on the European market at a high-profile event in Monaco. The 400 competed in the same handkerchief-sized arena as the Goggomobil and the Fiat 500, which hit the market just a few months before its Vespa-badged rival. The 400 – an allusion to its 393cc engine – was manufactured in France. One and done, Vespa never built another car.

So what happened to Vespa?